Imbobo iyingxenye ebalulekile yekhamera yokusondeza, futhi i-algorithm yokulawula indawo izothinta ikhwalithi yesithombe. Okulandelayo, sizokwethula ubudlelwano phakathi kwesimbobo nokujula kwenkambu kukhamera yokusondeza, ukukusiza uqonde ukuthi yini isiyingi sokuhlakazeka.

1. Kuyini ukuvuleka?

Imbobo iyithuluzi elisetshenziselwa ukulawula inani lokukhanya elingena kulensi.

Ngelensi ekhiqiziwe, asikwazi ukushintsha ububanzi belensi ngokuthanda kwethu, kodwa singakwazi ukulawula ukugeleza okukhanyayo kwelensi ngokusebenzisa igridi emise okwembobo enendawo eguquguqukayo, ebizwa ngokuthi imbobo.

Bheka ngokucophelela ilensi yekhamera yakho. Uma ubheka nge-lens, uzobona ukuthi indawo yokuvula yakhiwe ngama-blade amaningi. Izindwani ezakha indawo yokuvula zingahlehliswa ngokukhululekile ukuze kulawuleke ukushuba kokukhanya okudlula ilensi.

Akunzima ukuqonda ukuthi uma imbobo inkulu, indawo eyisiphambano-ingxenye yesigxobo engena kukhamera ngembobo izoba nkulu. Ngokuphambene nalokho, imbobo incane, indawo eyisiphambano-ingxenye yesigxobo engena kukhamera ngelensi izoba ncane.

2. Uhlobo lwembobo

1) Kulungisiwe

Ikhamera elula inembobo eyisiyingi kuphela enembobo eyisiyingi.

2) Iso Lekati

Indawo yokuvula iso lekati yenziwe ngeshidi lensimbi elinembobo emise okweqanda noma yedayimane phakathi nendawo, ehlukaniswe yaba izingxenye ezimbili. Indawo yokuvula iso lekati ingakhiwa ngokuhlanganisa amashidi amabili ensimbi anembobo emise okweqanda noma eyidayimane eyi-semi diamond bese ewahambisa ngokuhlobene. Ukuvula iso lekati kuvame ukusetshenziswa kumakhamera alula.

3) Iris

Yakhiwe ngenani lama-arc-izindwani zensimbi ezacile ezimise okwedlulele. I-clutch ye-blade ingashintsha usayizi wembobo eyindilinga emaphakathi. Amaqabunga amaningi e-iris diaphragm kanye nesimo sembobo esiyindilinga, umphumela ongcono wokuthwebula ungatholakala.

3. Imbobo ye-coefficient.

Ukuveza usayizi wokuvula, sisebenzisa inombolo F njengo F/ . Ngokwesibonelo, F1.5

F =1/ububanzi bembobo.

Imbobo ayilingani nenombolo F, ngokuphambene nalokho, usayizi wokuvula ulingana ngokuphambene nenombolo F. Isibonelo, ilensi enembobo enkulu inenombolo F encane kanye nenombolo encane yokuvula; Ilensi enembobo encane inenombolo F enkulu.

4. Kuyini ukujula kwenkambu (i-DOF)?

Uma uthatha isithombe, ngokwethiyori, lokhu kugxilwa kuzoba indawo ecace kakhulu esithombeni sokugcina, futhi izinto ezizungezile zizofiphala kakhulu njengoba ibanga lazo kusukela ekugxilweni kwazo likhula. Ububanzi bezithombe ezicacile ngaphambi nangemva kokugxila ukujula kwenkambu.

I-DOF ihlobene nezinto ezintathu: ibanga lokugxila, ubude bokugxila kanye nokuvuleka.

Ngokuvamile, lapho ibanga lokugxila lisondelana khona, kuncane ukujula kwenkundla. Uma ubude bokugxila bubude, buncane ububanzi be-DOF. Uma imbobo inkulu, ibanga le-DOF lincane.

5. Izici ezibalulekile ezinquma i-DOF

Imbobo, ubude bendawo, ibanga lento, kanye nesizathu sokuthi kungani lezi zici zithinta ukujula kwenkambu yesithombe empeleni kungenxa yesici esisodwa: indilinga yokudideka.

Ku-optics yetiyori, lapho ukukhanya kudlula ilensi, kuzohlangana endaweni okugxilwe kuyo ukuze kwakhe iphuzu elicacile, elizoba futhi iphuzu elicacile ekucabangeni.

Eqinisweni, ngenxa yokuphambuka, uhlaka lwesithombe lwephoyinti lento alukwazi ukuhlangana endaweni ethile bese lwenza ukuqagela okuyisiyingi okusabalele endizeni yesithombe, okubizwa ngokuthi isiyingi sokuhlakazeka.

Izithombe esizibonayo empeleni zenziwe yindilinga enkulu nencane yokudideka. Umbuthano wokudideka owakhiwe iphuzu endaweni okugxilwe kuyo ucace kakhulu esithombeni. Ububanzi bomjikelezo wokudideka owenziwe iphuzu elingaphambili nangemuva lokugxila esithombeni kancane kancane liba likhulu kuze kube yilapho likwazi ukubonakala ngeso lenyama. Lo mbuthano wokudideka obalulekile ubizwa ngokuthi “umbuthano wokudideka ovumelekile”. Ububanzi besiyingi sokudideka esivumelekile bunqunywa ikhono lakho lokubona iso.

Ibanga eliphakathi kombuthano wokudideka ovunyelwe kanye nokugxilwa kuzo linquma umthelela obonakalayo wesithombe, futhi lithinta ukujula kwesigcawu sesithombe.

6. Ukuqonda Okulungile Kwethonya Lendawo, Ubude Bendawo kanye Nebanga Lento Ekujuleni Kwenkambu

1) Imbobo enkulu, incane ukujula kwensimu.

Uma inkambu yokubuka yesithombe, ukulungiswa kwesithombe nebanga lento kulungiswa,

Imbobo ingashintsha ibanga eliphakathi kwesiyingi sokudideka esivumelekile nokugxila ngokulawula i-engeli efakiwe eyakhiwe lapho ukukhanya kungena kukhamera, ukuze kulawulwe ukujula kwenkambu yesithombe. Imbobo encane izokwenza i-engeli yokuhlangana kokukhanya ibe mancane, okuvumela ibanga phakathi kwesiyingi sokuhlakazeka nokugxila kube yinde, futhi ukujula kwensimu kujule; Imbobo enkulu yenza i-engeli yokuhlangana kokukhanya ibe nkulu, okuvumela indingilizi yokudideka ukuthi isondele ekugxilweni kwayo futhi ukujula kwenkambu kube kuncane.

2) Uma ubude bendawo bude, buba ncane ukujula kwenkundla

Uma ubude bendawo bude, ngemva kokuba isithombe sesikhulisiwe, indilinga evumelekile yokudideka izoba seduze nalapho kugxilwe khona, futhi ukujula kwenkambu kuzoba kuncane kakhulu.

3) Lapho ibanga lokudubula lisondela, ukujula kwensimu kuyancipha

Njengomphumela wokufinyezwa kwebanga lokudubula, okufana nokushintsha kobude bokugxila, kushintsha usayizi wesithombe sento yokugcina, okulingana nokukhulisa indilinga yokudideka esithombeni. Indawo yombuthano wokudideka ovunyelwe izokwahlulelwa ngokuthi iseduze nokugxilile futhi ayishoni kakhulu ekujuleni kwenkambu.