Aperture chikamu chakakosha cheiyo zoom kamera, uye iyo aperture control algorithm ichakanganisa kunaka kwemufananidzo. Tevere, isu tinosuma hukama pakati pekuvhura uye kudzika kwemunda mune zoom kamera zvakadzama, kuti ikubatsire kunzwisisa kuti chii chinonzi denderedzwa rekuparadzira.

1. Chii chinonzi aperture?

Aperture mudziyo unoshandiswa kudzora huwandu hwechiedza chinopinda mulenzi.

Kune lens yakagadzirwa, hatigone kushandura dhayamita yelenzi pakuda, asi isu tinokwanisa kudzora kupenya kunopenya kwelenzi kuburikidza negomba rakaumbwa gireti rine nzvimbo inoshanduka, inodaidzwa kunzi aperture.

Nyatsotarisa lenzi yekamera yako. Kana iwe ukatarisa kuburikidza nelenzi, iwe uchaona kuti iyo aperture inoumbwa neakawanda mablades. Mablades anoumba aperture anogona kudzoserwa zvakasununguka kuti adzore ukobvu hwemwenje wechiedza chinopfuura nemu lens.

Hazvina kuoma kunzwisisa kuti yakakura iyo aperture iri, yakakura iyo muchinjiko-chikamu chechikamu chedanda inopinda kamera kuburikidza neaperture ichave. Pane zvinopesana, iyo diki iyo aperture ndeye, idiki iyo muchinjiko-chikamu chechikamu chedanda inopinda kamera kuburikidza nelenzi ichave.

2. Aperture type

1) Yakagadziriswa

Iyo yakapfava kamera ine chete yakagadziriswa aperture ine denderedzwa gomba.

2) Ziso reKatsi

Katsi ziso reziso rinoumbwa nepepa resimbi rine oval kana dhaimondi rakaita gomba pakati, iro rakakamurwa kuita zvidimbu zviviri. Iyo katsi yeziso yeziso inogona kuumbwa nekubatanidza maviri esimbi mashiti ane semi oval kana semi diamond yakaita gomba uye kuafambisa achienderana kune mumwe nemumwe. Katsi ziso rekuvhara ziso rinowanzoshandiswa mumakamera akareruka.

3) Iris

Iyo inoumbwa nenhamba yakawanda inopindirana arc-akaita matete esimbi mablades. Iyo clutch yeblade inogona kushandura saizi yepakati denderedzwa aperture. Iyo yakawanda mashizha eiris diaphragm uye iyo yakawedzera denderedzwa gomba chimiro, iyo iri nani yekufungidzira maitiro inogona kuwanikwa.

3. Aperture coefficient.

Kuti tiratidze saizi yekuvhura, tinoshandisa F nhamba seF/ . Somuenzaniso, F1.5

F =1/aperture dhayamita.

Aperture haina kuenzana nenhamba F, pane zvinopesana, saizi yekuvhura inopesana nenhamba F. Semuenzaniso, lenzi ine aperture hombe ine diki F nhamba uye diki aperture nhamba; Lenzi ine kaburi kadiki ine F nhamba huru.

4. Ndeipi kudzika kwemunda (DOF)?

Paunenge uchitora mufananidzo, ne theoretically, ichi chinotarisa chichava chakajeka chinzvimbo mumufananidzo wekupedzisira wekufungidzira, uye zvinhu zvakatenderedza zvichawedzera kudzima sezvo chinhambwe chavo kubva pakutarisisa chinowedzera. Rudzi rwekufungidzira kwakajeka pamberi uye mushure mekutarisa kudzika kwemunda.

DOF ine hukama nezvinhu zvitatu: nhambwe yekutarisa, kureba kwekutarisa uye kuvhura.

Kazhinji kutaura, padhuze nhambwe yekutarisa, idiki kudzika kwemunda. Iyo yakareba iyo focal kureba, idiki iyo DOF renji iri. Iyo yakakura iyo aperture ndeyekuti, idiki iyo DOF renji ndeye.

5. Zvinhu zvakakosha zvinogadzirisa DOF

Aperture, kureba kwakatarisana, chinhambwe chechinhu, uye chikonzero nei zvinhu izvi zvichikanganisa kudzika kwemunda wepikicha imhaka yechinhu chimwe chete: denderedzwa renyonganiso.

Mune theoretical optics, kana chiedza chichipfuura nepakati pe lens, chichasangana panzvimbo yepakati kuti igadzire nzvimbo yakajeka, iyo ichavawo pfungwa yakajeka mukufungidzira.

Muchokwadi, nekuda kwekukanganisa, danda rekufungidzira rechinhu chechinhu hachigone kuchinjika pane imwe nzvimbo uye kugadzira dhizaini yedenderedzwa pane iyo ndege yemufananidzo, iyo inonzi denderedzwa rekuparadzira.

Mifananidzo yatinoona inoumbwa nedenderedzwa rakakura uye diki rekuvhiringidzika. Denderedzwa rekuvhiringika rakagadzirwa nenzvimbo yekutarisa ndiyo yakajeka pamufananidzo. Iyo dhayamita yedenderedzwa rekuvhiringika rakaumbwa nepoindi iri kumberi nekumashure kwekutarisa pamufananidzo zvishoma nezvishoma inova yakakura kusvika yave kuzivikanwa neziso rakashama. Iri denderedzwa rekuvhiringika rakakosha rinonzi "inobvumirwa confusion denderedzwa". Iyo dhayamita yedenderedzwa inobvumidzwa yekuvhiringika inotarwa nekugona kuziva ziso rako.

Chinhambwe chiri pakati pedenderedzwa renyonganiso inobvumidzwa uye chinotariswa chinotarisa maitiro emufananidzo, uye chinokanganisa kudzika kwechiitiko chemufananidzo.

6. Kunzwisisa Kwazvo kweKupesvedzera kweAperture, Focal Length uye Object Distance pakudzika kwemunda.

1) Iyo yakakura iyo aperture, idiki kudzika kwemunda.

Kana iyo yemufananidzo yekuona, kugadziriswa kwemufananidzo uye chinhu chinhambwe chagadziriswa,

Aperture inogona kushandura chinhambwe pakati peinotenderwa kuvhiringa denderedzwa nekutarisa nekudzora inosanganisirwa kona inoumbwa kana mwenje uchipinda mukamera, kuitira kudzora kudzika kwemunda wemufananidzo. A diki aperture ichaita kuti kona yechiedza convergence diki, zvichibvumira kureba pakati pekuparadzira denderedzwa uye kutarisa kuve kureba, uye kudzika kwemunda kuve kwakadzika; Iyo aperture hombe inoita kuti kona yekusangana kwechiedza ikure, zvichiita kuti denderedzwa renyonganiso ive padyo nekwakatariswa uye kudzika kwemunda kusadzika.

2) Kurebesa kwefocal kureba, kudzika kudzika kwemunda

Iyo yakareba iyo yakatarisa kureba, mushure mekunge chifananidzo chawedzerwa, denderedzwa rinotenderwa rekuvhiringika richava pedyo nekutarisa, uye kudzika kwemunda kuchave kushoma.

3)Iyo padyo nenhambwe yekupfura, kudzika kwemunda ndiko kudzika

Nekuda kwekupfupikiswa kwechinhambwe chekupfura, zvakafanana nekushandurwa kwehurefu hwefocal, inoshandura saizi yemufananidzo wechinhu chekupedzisira, izvo zvakaenzana nekuwedzera denderedzwa rekuvhiringika pamufananidzo. Nzvimbo yedenderedzwa renyonganiso inotenderwa ichanzi iri padyo netarisiro uye isina kudzika mukudzika kwemunda.